NetWork
Analysis on development of the United States space security in 2025
Fan Wei;Wang Shuya;Yang Kai;Wang Lin;Li Ping;It is focused on the development of space security in the United States in 2025, and systematically sorted out its latest progress in space policy, space force construction and space equipment. It is focused on the release and update of space warfare theory, the adjustment of space force organizational structure, the acquisition and development of counter space equipment and the international cooperation of space security. On this basis, it is analyzed and summarized the development trends of American space security. The research shows that the United States is strengthening strategic guidance, continuously optimizing the organizational structure of space force, issuing operational theories to guide space operations, and systematically planning the future space operations architecture. At the same time, the US military actively promotes the research and development of counter space equipment, accelerates the deployment of low-orbit constellations, uses commercial power to develop equipment such as orbit transfer vehicle and on-orbit refueling spacecraft, and strives to build a flexible space architecture to consolidate its dominant position in the space field.
Analysis of foreign missile defense development in 2025
Xiong Ying;Zheng Jingrui;Han Shuo;Feng Yuting;Wang Lin;In 2025, global missile defense systems entered a period of rapid development. The technological advancements, system deployments, and operation of major countries and regions, including the United States, Europe, South Korea, and India, in the field of missile defense are tracked and analyzed. Key initiatives in space-based early warning, hypersonic defense, command and control integration, and supply chain security are summarized. It is revealed that missile defense architectures are being rapidly transitioned toward an integrated offensive-defensive model, with technological autonomy and supply chain resilience being increasingly emphasized as critical components of national security strategies. Furthermore, space is emerging as a critical domain in missile defense, where the rapid development of space-based detection and interception capabilities is poised to play a pivotal role in future strategic deterrence and operational effectiveness.
An overview of United States Space Force combat construction development in 2025
Zhao Ling;Zhang Zhekai;Meng Xing;Hao Qinghua;Zhou Yu;Against the backdrop of accelerating global strategic competition extending into space and the deepening militarization of space， the U.S. Space Force has comprehensively accelerated its system development around the goal of “space superiority” ，with its operational capabilities exhibiting new characteristics. To systematically grasp the evolution of U.S. space warfare capabilities， this paper examines the USSF’s 2025 development initiatives. It systematically reviews the latest advancements in strategic planning， force development， equipment technology， joint exercises， and international cooperation， while deeply analyzing the emerging characteristics and developmental logic of its operational framework. Research findings indicate that the USSF is accelerating its transition from capability development to operational deployment. Its system development exhibits characteristics of refinement， combat readiness， and enhanced coordination， while the central role of space capabilities within the U.S. national security framework has become increasingly prominent. This research provides crucial insights for assessing the global landscape of space military competition and offers valuable decision-making references for China in formulating space security strategies and optimizing the development path of its space forces.
Finite-Time Sliding Mode Active Disturbance Rejection Control for Hypersonic Vehicle
Wang Xu;Xu Hui;Shang Yiming;Fan Xuen;Cai Guangbin;An active disturbance rejection control strategy based on non-singular terminal sliding mode is proposed to address the insufficient tracking accuracy and weak anti-disturbance capability caused by strong coupling nonlinearity in hypersonic vehicle attitude tracking control. A non-singular terminal sliding mode controller is designed to achieve finite-time convergence， which effectively improves the smoothness of control signals and the convergence speed of the system. A nonlinear extended state observer is introduced to provide real-time estimation of total system disturbances， thereby enhancing the robustness of the control system， while considering the dynamic characteristics of control surface servo systems to make the controller closer to actual systems. The stability of the closed-loop system is proved using Lyapunov theory. Simulation results demonstrate that compared with other nonsingular terminal sliding mode control methods， the proposed method exhibits superior tracking performance and disturbance rejection capability， and effectively suppresses control input chattering.
Research on UAV Mission Planning Based on Dynamic Partitioning-load Balancing Task Model
LIU Hong-qin;SHEN De-wei;WANG Peng-fei;TIAN Ming-liang;Aiming at the multi-UAV mission planning problem for maritime reconnaissance missions， an balanced task model based on the idea of dynamically partitioned zones is proposed. Firstly， considering the high complexity of resource allocation and task scheduling in maritime reconnaissance， a dynamically partitioned zone model is constructed. Combined with the ant colony algorithm， a UAV mission planning scheme that considers force optimization is proposed， reducing the required number of UAVs. Secondly， to address the issue of unbalanced task loads among UAVs， a balanced task model is introduced to ensure an equitable distribution of tasks among the UAVs. Simulation results show that dynamically partitioning the zones effectively reduces the number of UAVs and shortens the path length. Furthermore， with the integration of the balanced model， the total reconnaissance time is shortened by 15% compared to the pre-balanced task approach， and the disparity in task loads among different UAVs is significantly reduced.
Heuristic Search Trajectory Planning Method for Hypersonic Morphing Vehicle
YAO Dongdong;ZHOU Jianghua;XIA Qunli;XIE Jiawen;Aiming at trajectory planning of gliding hypersonic morphing vehicle flying in the environment with high altitude， low altitude and additional threat areas， a trajectory planning method based on the heuristic search algorithm is proposed. The sparse A* algorithm is improved according to the performance of the aircraft. The Angle of attack scheme， the integrated trajectory and the final guidance law with fall Angle are taken as algorithmic factors. In order to avoid the temporary threats found in the environment， a fast search scheme with variable step size is proposed. Simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively obtain the safe trajectory and sweep Angle scheme of the aircraft in the scene of multiple types of threaten areas， and verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Research on Rapid Launching and Deployment Technology of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) Capture Net
WANG Peng;LI Ning;CHEN Hui;With regard to the defect of current Unmanned Aerial Vehicle（UAV）capture nets with short range and slow deployment speed， this study is started with the basic principles of UAV capture and identifies unfavorable factors that affect the launch and deployment of the net， researchs on the rapid launch and deployment technology of the capture net are conducted， and a net deployment and expansion integrated device is designed to reduce the impact of unfavorable factors and improve the net's range and deployment speed， with the goal of capturing UAV at long distances with high mobility. The folding and deployment process of the capture net is optimized by using simulation analysis， and ground tests are conducted to verify the deployment speed and precision of the net. The simulation and test results show that the deployment and expansion integrated device is feasible and provides a viable reference solution for UAV capture system engineering design.
Capability Assessment of US Missile Defense Systems to Intercept Hypersonic Weapons
Liao Longwen;Chen Junyan;Ma Han;Xie Fengyu;Yuan Qiuyue;The United States has established many missile defense systems such as the Ground-Based Midcourse Defense system， the Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System， the THAAD system， and the Patriot-3 system， aiming to offset the offensive advantages of hypersonic weapons. The capability， advantages and disadvantages of these systems to intercept hypersonic weapons in the mid-course and end-phases are assessed. The interception mechanism is analyzed based on key kinetic parameters such as the lift factor and lateral acceleration requirements. Through quantitative evaluation and probabilistic calculations， the interception capability of existing U.S. missile defense systems is examined.Furthermore， typical post-intercept scenarios (e.g.， "hit without kill") are analyzed from the perspective of damage effectiveness， providing intuitive data and information on the offensive-defensive balance of hypersonic weapons. The results demonstrate that the current U.S. missile defense systems exhibit limited effectiveness in end-phases interception of hypersonic weapons. However， due to the combined characteristics of hypersonic gliders， such as high speed， high maneuverability， and low detectability， the current systems still face significant challenges during interception.
Design of Dynamic Requirement Generation Architecture for Equipment Systems Based on Large Language Models
Feng Xuanming;Zhao Gang;Wang Tong;Lei Zhen;Zhang Long;To address the issues of disconnection from battlefield dynamics， fragmented cross-domain knowledge， and low response efficiency in traditional equipment requirement generation approaches， a dynamic equipment system requirement generation architecture based on large language models (LLMs) is proposed. The architecture adopts a "four-layer three-loop" structure， establishing a dynamic closed-loop chain of "Strategic-Mission-Capability-Equipment" (SMCE). By integrating semantic analysis， knowledge enhancement， multimodal generation， and virtual verification technologies， intelligent iterative evolution of equipment requirements is achieved. Validation in urban underground combat scenarios validates the framework's feasibility and advantages in equipment requirement generation and solution optimization evaluation， providing theoretical and methodological support for equipment system design in complex battlefield environments.
Evolution and Implications of U.S. Maven Smart System
CHEN Ailin;On a ever-changing battlefield， Intelligent and battle-proven battlefield intelligence processing capability is vital for military forces to obtain and maintain decision advantages. The US military continues to improve the development of intelligent intelligence processing capabilities for all domain competitive advantage and has achieved significant progress. Focusing on the advanced Maven Smart System of the US military， the development process and the workflow of the Maven Smart System is researched， the performance and advantages including rapid generation of target indication information， flexible integration of external capabilities are analyzed， and the core technologies such as multi-int fusion based on intelligent processing， intelligence data governance and protection oriented to digital intelligence trust are researched and evaluated. The suggestions are put forward from four dimensions: intergenerational upgrade of battlefield intelligence processing system， intelligent ecology construction， introducing of commercial companies， developed while verifying， hoping to provide decision-making reference for relevant capabilities layout， innovation ecology construction， organizational management reform and technology transformation mode innovation.