| 4,799 | 22 | 9 |
| Downloads | Citas | Reads |
人工智能技术已经成为推动军事变革的重要力量，不仅催生了全新的战争样式，而且显著提升了军事作战能力。为研究人工智能技术发展及其军事应用现状，梳理和总结了2023年人工智能领域最新科技进展。综述表明：美国、欧盟等世界主要国家和国际组织在顶层战略、研发投资、技术规制等方面持续加强人工智能战略布局；军事智能在生成式智能、人机混合智能、群体智能、具身智能、平行智能等技术领域发展势头强劲；世界主要军事强国将人工智能视为未来战场制胜的核心技术，正在快速将人工智能广泛并深化应用于陆战、海战、空战等多作战域。为进一步提升军事智能化水平，提出宏观战略规划与微观技术评估并重、技术理论研究与领域实战应用并举等发展建议。
Abstract：Artificial Intelligence(AI) technology has become an important force driving military transformation, not only giving birth to novel warfare's styles, but also significantly improving military combat capabilities. In order to study the development of AI technology as well as its military application status, the latest technological procedure in the field of AI in 2023 is summarized. It is concluded that major countries and international organizations, such as the United States and the European Union, continue to strengthen their strategic layout in AI, including top-level strategy, research and development investment, and technological regulation. Military Intelligence(MI) has a strong development momentum in technology fields such as Generative Artificial Intelligence(GAI), human-machine hybrid intelligence, swarm intelligence, embodied intelligence, and parallel intelligence. The world's major military powers regard AI as the core technology for future battlefield victory, and are rapidly and deeply applying AI to multiple operation domains such as land domain, sea domain, and air domain. To further enhance the level of MI, the development suggestions are proposed, such as balancing macro strategic planning with micro technical evaluation, and promoting both theoretical research and practical application.
[1] Kathleen H. 2023 data, analytics and artificial intelligence adoption strategy[EB/OL]. 2023-11-02. https：//www. defense. gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/3577857/deputy-secretary-of-defense-kathleen-hicks-announ ces-publication-of-data-analyt/.
[2] The White House. National cybersecurity strategy[EB/OL]. 2023-03-01. https：//www. whitehouse. gov/wpcontent/uploads/2023/03/National-Cybersecurity-Strategy-2023. pdf/.
[3] Office of the Director of National Intelligence. 2023 National intelligence strategy[EB/OL]. 2023-08-10.https：//www. dni. gov/index. php/newsroom/reportspublications/reports-publications-2023/3713-2023-national-intelligence-strategy.
[4] European. European chips act[EB/OL]. 2023-09-11.https：//commission. europa. eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/europe-fit-digital-age/europeanchips-act_en.
[5] Department for Science,Innovation and Technology. National semiconductor strategy[EB/OL]. 2023-05-19.https：//www. gov. uk/government/publications/nationalsemiconductor-strategy.
[6] 118th Congress. H. R. 2670-National defense authorization act for fiscal year 2024[EB/OL]. 2023-07-14[2023-12-15]. https：//www. congress. gov/bill/118thcongress/house-bill/2670.
[7] Tim M. Naval surveillance to EW:European Union approves nearly1 billion to fund over 40 defense projects[EB/OL]. 2023-07-03. https：//breakingdefense. com/2023/07/naval-surveillance-to-ew-european-union-approves-nearly-1-billion-to-fund-over-40-defenseprojects/.
[8] Reuters. Germany plans to double AI funding in race with China, US[EB/OL]. 2023-08-23. https：//www.reuters. com/technology/germany-plans-double-ai-funding-race-with-china-us-2023-08-23/.
[9] The Russian Government. Mikhail Mishustin chairs strategic session on AI development[EB/OL].(2023-09-26)[2023-12-15]. http：//government. ru/en/news/49604/.
[10] The Russian Government. Mikhail Mishustin holds a strategic session on major projects related to technological sovereignty(megaprojects)[EB/OL]. 2023-10-24.http：//government. ru/en/news/49869/.
[11] United Nations. International community must urgently confront new reality of generative,artificial intelligence,speakers stress as security council debates risks, rewards[EB/OL]. 2023-07-18. https：//press. un. org/en/2023/sc15359. doc. htm.
[12] US Department of State. Political declaration on responsible military use of artificial intelligence and autonomy[EB/OL]. 2023-11-09. https：//www. state. gov/political-declaration-on-responsible-military-use-of-artificial-intelligence-and-autonomy-2/.
[13] UK Government. The Bletchley declaration by countries attending the AI safety summit, 1-2 November 2023[EB/OL]. 2023-11-01. https：//www. gov. uk/government/publications/ai-safety-summit-2023-the-bletchle y-declaration/the-bletchley-declaration-by-countriesattending-the-ai-safety-summit-1-2-november-2023?ref=nural. cc.
[14] Luca B. AI act:EU countries headed to tiered approach on foundation models amid broader compromise[EB/OL]. 2023-10-18. https：//www. euractiv. com/section/artificial-intelligence/news/ai-act-eu-countries-headed-to-tiered-approach-on-foundation-models-amidbroader-compromise/.
[15] European Commission. EU artificial intelligence act[EB/OL]. 2023-06-14. https：//news. un. org/zh/story/2023/07/1119877.
[16] Singhal K,Azizi S,Tu T,et al. Large language models encode clinical knowledge[J]. Nature, 2023, 620(7972):172-180.
[17] Jovanovic M, Campbell M. Generative artificial intelligence:Trends and prospects[J]. Computer,2022,55(10):107-112.
[18] US Department of Defense. DoD announces establishment of generative AI task force[EB/OL]. 2023-08-10.https：//www. defense. gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/3489803/dod-announces-establishment-of-generative-ai-task-force/.
[19] Colin D.‘Tech Watchlist’ reveals Pentagon vision of future digital battlefield[EB/OL]. 2023-07-11. https：//www. c4isrnet. com/battlefield-tech/2023/07/11/techwatchlist-reveals-pentagon-vision-of-future-digitalbattlefield//.
[20] Theresa H. Kendall:Air Force studying ‘military applications’ for ChatGPT-like artificial intelligence[EB/OL]. 2023-06-22. https：//breakingdefense. com/2023/06/kendall-air-force-studying-military-applicationsfor-chatgpt-like-artificial-intelligence/.
[21] Department of Navy Chief Information Officer. Department of the Navy guidance on the use of generative artificial intelligence and large language models[EB/OL].2023-09-06. https：//www. doncio. navy. mil/FileHandler. ashx?id=19658.
[22] Scale AI. Scale AI partners with XVIII airborne corps for first LLM deployment to a US government classified network[EB/OL]. 2023-05-10. https：//www. businesswire. com/news/home/20230510005630/en/Scale-AIPartners-with-XVIII-Airborne-Corps-for-First-LLMDeployment-to-a-U. S.-Government-Classified-Network.
[23] C3 AI. C3 AI announces fiscal fourth quarter and full fiscal year 2023 financial results[EB/OL]. 2023-05-31.https：//ir. c3. ai/news-releases/news-release-details/c3-ai-announces-fiscal-fourth-quarter-and-full-yearfiscal-2023.
[24] John A. Competition defines new collaborative combat aircraft program now, but not forever[EB/OL]. 2023-09-18. https：//www. airandspaceforces. com/competition-collaborative-combat-aircraft-program/.
[25] Joseph T. B-21 Raider could use collaborative drones meant for fighters[EB/OL]. 2023-05-31. https：//www.thedrive. com/the-war-zone/b-21-raider-could-partner-with-collaborative-drones-meant-for-fighters.
[26]王立盟，韩雨. 2022年国外军事人工智能领域科技发展研究[J].战术导弹技术，2023(2):25-33.
[27] US Marine Corps. Marine corps XQ-58A Valkyrie completes first flight[EB/OL]. 2023-10-05. https：//www.marines. mil/News/Press-Releases/Press-Release-Display/Article/3550383/marine-corps-xq-58a-valkyriecompletes-first-flight/.
[28] DARPA. Rapid Experimental Missionized Autonomy(REMA)[EB/OL]. 2023-09-11. https：//sam. gov/opp/7738334d62074883b03f5c4293e38315/view.
[29] Joseph C. Defense officials report progress on replicator initiative[EB/OL]. 2023-12-01. https：//www. defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/3604459/defense-officials-report-progress-on-replicator-initiative/.
[30] Jim G. Hicks discusses replicator initiative[EB/OL].2023-09-07. https：//www. defense. gov/News/NewsStories/Article/Article/3518827/hicks-discusses-replicator-initiative/.
[31] Tang S J, Duan H, Lao S. Swarm intelligence algorithms for multiple unmanned aerial vehicles collaboration:A comprehensive review[J]. Artificial Intelligence Review,2023,56(5):4295-4327.
[32] Shield AI. Shield AI demonstrates AI-piloted,teaming V-BATs with AFWERX:Transformational capability to be fielded in 2024[EB/OL]. 2023-08-30. https：//shield. ai/shield-ai-demonstrates-ai-piloted-teamingv-bats-with-afwerx-transformational-capability-to-befielded-in-2024/.
[33]宫远强，张业鹏，马万鹏，等.无人机蜂群中的群体智能涌现机理[J].兵工学报，2023,44(9):2661-2671.
[34] Tayfun O. Turkey’s Havelsan tests robots,drone swarm for Digital Troop concept[EB/OL]. 2023-08-25.https：//www. defensenews. com/unmanned/2023/08/24/turkeys-havelsan-tests-robots-drone-swarm-for-digital-troop-concept/.
[35] QinetiQ. QinetiQ launches Jackdaw UAS concept to provide significant and affordable combat mass and battlespace capabilities[EB/OL]. 2023-09-12. https：//www. qinetiq. com/en-gb/news/qinetiq-launches-jackdaw-uas-concept.
[36] Gaston D. Russia to start production of the new “Scalpel” loitering munition in October[EB/OL]. 2023-09-07. https：//www. aviacionline. com/2023/09/russia-tostart-production-of-the-new-scalpel-loitering-munition-in-october/.
[37] ARM Institute. ARM Institute funds new technology projects to strengthen US manufacturing[EB/OL]. 2023-08-23. https：//arminstitute. org/news/23-01-tech-projects/.
[38] Gail L. AFRL successfully field-tests AI robot to improve DAF manufacturing capability[EB/OL]. 2023-05-03. https：//www. afrl. af. mil/News/Article-Display/Article/3382692/afrl-successfully-field-tests-ai-robot-toimprove-daf-manufacturing-capability/.
[39] Ebadi K,Bernreiter L,Biggie H,et al. Present and future of SLAM in extreme environments:The DARPA subT challenge[J]. IEEE Transactions on Robotics,2023,40:936-959.
[40] Chung T H, Orekhov V, Maio A. Into the robotic depths:Analysis and insights from the DARPA subterranean challenge[J]. Annual Review of Control, Robotics,and Autonomous Systems,2023,6:477-502.
[41] Biggie H,Rush E R,Riley D G,et al. Flexible supervised autonomy for exploration in subterranean environments[J]. arXiv preprint arXiv:2301. 00771,2023.
[42] Cao C,Zhu H,Ren Z,et al. Representation granularity enables time-efficient autonomous exploration in large,complex worlds[J]. Science Robotics,2023,8(80):eadf0970.
[43] Evan G. Humanoid robots in space:The next frontier[EB/OL]. 2023-12-27. https：//www. reuters. com/science/humanoid-robots-space-next-frontier-2023-12-27/.
[44] Rojoef M. DARPA completes first phase of RACER unmanned combat vehicle program[EB/OL]. 2023-04-14.https：//www. thedefensepost. com/2023/04/14/darparacer-program-first-phase/.
[45] Long Y,Wei W,Huang T,et al. Human-in-the-loop embodied intelligence with interactive simulation environment for surgical robot learning[J]. IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters,2023,8:4441-4448.
[46] Harris D J, Arthur T, Kearse J, et al. Exploring the role of virtual reality in military decision training[J].Frontiers in Virtual Reality,2023,4:1165030.
[47] Brown C,Hicks J,Rinaudo C H,et al. The use of augmented reality and virtual reality in ergonomic applications for education,aviation,and maintenance[J]. Ergonomics in Design,2023,31(4):23-31.
[48] Sim X. US Air Force and SimX expand their VR medical training partnership to12 million in R&D funding[EB/OL]. 2023-02-09. https：//www. prnewswire. com/news-releases/us-air-force-and-simx-expand-theirvr-medical-training-partnership-to-12-million-in-rdfunding-301741979. html.
[49] HTX Labs. HTX Labs awarded SBIR Phase III contract to expand US Air Force immersive learning platforms[EB/OL]. 2023-05-24. https：//www. auganix. org/xrnews-htx-labs-awarded-sbir-phase-iii-contract-to-expand-us-air-force-immersive-learning-platforms/.
[50] Joe M. US at-sea testing of UUV digital twin prototype completed[EB/OL]. 2023-08-25. https：//www. unmannedsystemstechnology. com/2023/08/at-sea-testingof-uuv-digital-twin-prototype-completed/.
[51] Frederick S. IVAS’ campaign of learning ensures development, production and fielding remain on track[EB/OL]. 2023-03-14. https：//www. army. mil/article/264773/ivas_campaign_of_learning_ensures_developme nt_production_and_fielding_remain_on_track.
[52] Northrop Grumman. Northrop Grumman’s IBCS approved for full rate production,readying transformational system for fielding around the globe[EB/OL]. 2023-04-13. https：//news. northropgrumman. com/news/releases/northrop-grummans-ibcs-approved-for-fullrate-production-readying-transformational-system-forfielding-around-the-globe.
[53] Tass. First Magistr-SV air defense systems were delivered to armed forces[EB/OL]. 2023-08-21. https：//tass. com/defense/1662861.
[54] Thomas N. Our first glimpse of the Navy’s Orca unmanned submarine at sea[EB/OL]. 2023-07-20.https：//www. thedrive. com/the-war-zone/our-firstglimpse-of-the-navys-orca-unmanned-submarine-atsea.
[55] Vivienne M. French-British underwater drone proves demining ability, says Thales[EB/OL]. 2023-09-14.https：//www. defensenews. com/industry/techwatch/2023/09/13/french-british-underwater-drone-provesde-mining-ability-says-thales/.
[56] Diana S. Navy holds first-of-its-kind command, control, communication exercise[EB/OL]. 2023-07-07.https：//www. defensenews. com/news/your-navy/2023/07/06/navy-holds-first-of-its-kind-command-controlcommunication-exercise/.
[57] Lisbeth P. Air Force eyes 2025 for ‘AI-Readiness，’2027 for ‘AI-Competitive’[EB/OL]. 2023-08-31.https：//www. meritalk. com/articles/air-force-eyes-2025-for-ai-readiness-2027-for-ai-competitive/.
[58] Naval Postgraduate School Public Affairs. Camre helps marines take 3D printing to new heights[EB/OL]. 2023-07-05. https：//www. navy. mil/Press-Office/News-Stories/Article/3449808/camre-helps-marines-take-3dprinting-to-new-heights/.
[59] BAE Systems. BAE Systems and L3Harris deliver first EC-37B compass call aircraft to the US Air Force[EB/OL]. 2023-09-12. https：//www. baesystems. com/enus/article/bae-systems-and-l3harris-deliver-first-ec-37 b-compass-call-aircraft-to-the-u-s--air-force.
Basic Information:
DOI：10.16358/j.issn.1009-1300.20230193
China Classification Code:E91;TP18
Citation Information:
[1]王亚珅,陈浩,葛悦涛,等.2023年人工智能领域科技发展综述[J].战术导弹技术,2024,No.223(01):20-32+67.DOI:10.16358/j.issn.1009-1300.20230193.
Fund Information:
国家自然科学基金（62106243;U19B2026）